Big vision-language models, or LVLMs, can interpret visual cues and provide easy replies for users to interact with. This is accomplished by skillfully fusing large language models (LLMs) with large-scale visual instruction finetuning. Nevertheless, LVLMs only need hand-crafted or LLM-generated datasets for alignment by supervised fine-tuning (SFT). Although it works well to change LVLMs from…

FER is pivotal in human-computer interaction, sentiment analysis, affective computing, and virtual reality. It helps machines understand and respond to human emotions. Methodologies have advanced from manual extraction to CNNs and transformer-based models. Applications include better human-computer interaction and improved emotional response in robots, making FER crucial in human-machine interface technology. State-of-the-art methodologies in FER…